(1925–1965) Born Malcolm Little, also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. While in prison for burglary, he joined the black separatist Nation of Islam. His radical vitriolic eloquence led Islamic leader Elijah Mohammed to suspend him. Malcolm went on pilgrimage to Mecca, where he was converted by a vision of one humanity worshipping one God in peace. He repudiated racism in any form and returned to the U.S. to work for justice for African Americans and for peace between the races. He was assassinated by black separatists associated with the Nation of Islam. (February 21)