(1809–1882) English naturalist whose On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871) offered an evolutionary understanding of the development of life on earth, challenging conventional interpretations of creation and inviting whole new ways of thinking of living beings, humanity, and God through process, system, and change. Darwin was a deacon in the Church of England. (April 19)