(1907–1972) Polish-born, German-educated theologian and philosopher. Deported by the Nazis in 1938, he made his way to the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York, where he taught until his death. He worked to revive mystical, prophetic, and active dimensions of Jewish piety and practice, stressing experience and lively personal response in spirituality. He was a leader in American civil rights and anti–Vietnam War activism. (December 23)